| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Maurice Wilkins ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Maurice Wilkins
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist, and Nobel Laureate whose research contributed to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and to the development of radar. He is best known for his work at King's College, London on the structure of DNA which falls into three distinct phases. The first was in 1948–50 where his initial studies produced the first clear X-ray images of DNA which he presented at a conference in Naples in 1951 attended by James Watson. During the second phase of work (1951–52) he produced clear "B form" "X" shaped images from squid sperm which he sent to James Watson and Francis Crick causing Watson to write "Wilkins... has obtained extremely excellent X-ray diffraction photographs" (DNA ).〔Robert Olby; "The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA"; p366〕〔James D. Watson, The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix p180〕 Throughout this period Wilkins was consistent in his belief that DNA was helical even when Rosalind Franklin expressed strong views to the contrary.
In 1953 Franklin instructed Raymond Gosling to give Wilkins, without condition, a high quality image of "B" form DNA which she had unexpectedly produced months earlier〔Robert Olby; "The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA"; p369〕 but had “put it aside”〔Maddox p178〕 to concentrate on other work. Wilkins, having checked that he was free to personally use the photograph to confirm his earlier results,〔James D. Watson, The Annotated and Illustrated Double Helix p182〕 showed it to Watson without the consent of Rosalind Franklin.〔Rosalind Franklin article paragraph 2 quote: " Franklin's images of X-ray diffraction, confirming the helical structure of DNA, were shown to Watson without her approval or knowledge. This image provided valuable insight into the DNA structure"〕 This image, along with the knowledge that Linus Pauling had published an incorrect structure of DNA, “mobilised” Watson to restart model building efforts with Crick. Important contributions and data from Wilkins, Franklin (obtained via Max Perutz) and colleagues in Cambridge enabled Watson and Crick to propose a double-helix model for DNA. The third and longest phase of Wilkins' work on DNA took place from 1953 onwards. Here Wilkins led a major project at King's College, London, to test, verify and make significant corrections to the DNA model proposed by Watson and Crick and to study the structure of RNA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Crystallography News: An historical memoir in honour of Maurice Wilkins 1916–2004 )〕 Wilkins, Crick and Watson were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material."〔(The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 ). Nobel Prize Site for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962.〕
==Birth and early education==
Wilkins was born in Pongaroa, north Wairarapa, New Zealand where his father, Edgar Henry Wilkins was a medical doctor. His family had come from Dublin, where his paternal and maternal grandfathers were, respectively, Headmaster of Dublin High School and a Chief of Police. The Wilkinses moved to Birmingham, England when Maurice was 6. Later, he attended Wylde Green College and then went to King Edward's School from 1929 to 1934.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Maurice Wilkins」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|